Showing posts with label Gothic Night. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Gothic Night. Show all posts

Wednesday, May 11, 2016

The Uncanny Reader







Rebecca Nesvet


The vashta Nerada, detectible only as the dread doppelganger of one's shadow. The leaden Maltese Falcon, taunting its absent double's coveters on both sides of the grave. The tell-tale heart. These are not merely monsters, motifs and Macguffins, they are uncanny. Strange, eerie, unnerving, and yet quotidian, it's the storytelling that envelops them that creates the sense of unease, the horrific recognition, the solution to the mystery - or its opening salvo.

The uncanny doesn't always permeate the crime genre, but when it does, it takes over: 'a kind of viral strain' more than a 'genre', as Marjorie Sandor, puts it. Sandor's new anthology, THE UNCANNY: STORIES FROM THE SHADOWS, draws together examples of this strain from a variety of genres, ranging from the eighteenth-century European Gothic to nineteenth-century realism, the crime story, and even the postmodern fable. Sandor's global selection of stories will inform, delight, and, yes, unnerve both seasoned aficionados of the uncanny and those who need Sandor's short etymology and history of it.

For the reader new to the uncanny, Sandor provides accessible, engaging translations of seminal works including Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann's 'The Sand-man' (inspiration for The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and textbook example of the doppelganger) and Anton Chekhov's 'Oysters'. Classic horror writers such as Poe and Shirley Jackson make appearances, but not with their most canonical works. Instead, we confront Poe's 'Berenice' and Jackson's 'Paranoia', both unjustly neglected by anthologists, as well as H. P. Lovecraft's engaging 'Music of Erich Zann', which shows Lovecraft at perhaps his least misanthropic and xenophobic. (Don't think too hard about Zann's ethnicity.)

A few key authors seem to have been left out. Sandor cites James Hogg (The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner, 'The Mysterious Bride') in the introduction, but includes no fiction by him. Mary Shelley is absent. However, several of her most neglected and imaginative short stories fit the bill, among them the doppelganger-fable 'Transformation', the time-travel fragment 'Valerius, the Reanimated Roman', and 'The Mortal Immortal', which squarely confronts, via magic and metaphor, the uncanniness of aging and of the aged woman to the young man. Eerie, succinct Jorge Luis Borges is not there, nor is Victor Séjour, the first African-American to have a short story published. That story, 'Le Mulatre (The Mulatto)' examines in horrific terms the uncanny bond between a slave and master who are, as they all too often were, alienated son and father.

If these are significant omissions, Sandor more than makes up for them by introducing readers to a world of lesser known but mainly brilliant commanders of the uncanny, in intellectually accessible and respectful translations. In general, the translations of this anthology's non-Anglophone writers include few foreign terms and no deliberate exoticism, with the effect that the only alienation involved is the uncanny elements. This is fantastic, because it lets the translated authors shine - arguably, brighter than the Anglophone ones. This reader's favorite discoveries are by the postmodern Egyptian writer Mansoura Ez Eldin. A journalist and novelist, she contributes 'Gothic Night', a tale that's almost a prose poem, told in the very Gothic convention of deliberate fragmentation, which completely belies its apparently self-explanatory title. It's also a fable with more than one interpretation. It rises to mythopoesis, and makes this reader want very much to read Ez Eldin's award-winning novels, not all of which have yet been translated into English. Uruguayan Felisberto Hernández is also helpfully included, not only for the brilliance of his Kafkaesque tale 'The Usher', but because he is, as Sandor points out, a major influence upon writers ranging from Italo Calvino to Gabriel Garcia Márquez. Another highlight, Zambian C. Namwali Serpell's 'Muzungu' critiques the alienation from self, culture, and family of a young African girl raised in her continent by white functionaries. In this story, nothing is more uncanny than colonization and its ghostly aftereffects, and no power is more supernatural than that of language. These are observations that THE UNCANNY READER proves true, over and over.


THE UNCANNY READER
by Marjorie Sandor, ed.
St. Martin's Griffin, March 2015
561 pages
$21.99
ISBN: 1250041716


§ Rebecca Nesvet is an Assistant Professor of English at the University of Wisconsin, Green Bay. She specializes in nineteenth-century literature.


June 2015

Via: reviewingtheevidence.com


Friday, August 28, 2015

On Gothic Night




In her review of "The Uncanny Reader.. Short stories from the shadows", Rebecca Nesvet wrote: 

"This reader's favorite discoveries are by the Postmodern Egyptian writer Mansoura Ez Eldin. A journalist and novelist, she contributes "Gothic Night", a tale that's almost a prose poem, told in the very Gothic convention of deliberate fragmentation, which completely belies its apparently self-explanatory title. It's also a fable with more than one interpretation. It rises to mythopoesis, and makes this reader want very much to read Ez Eldin's award-winning novels, not all of which have yet been translated into English."

You can read the complete review here.





Tuesday, May 12, 2015

Gothic Night


Mansoura Ez Eldin

Translated from Arabic by: 
Wiam El-Tamami

His departure came without explanation.
His destination was remote, he said, uttering a series of ominous sounds – the name of a city I had never heard of before. His leaving seemed a matter of fate. In an instant I could see the city he set out for, with its ashen streets.
There are no colours save for the grey that cloaks much of the place, alongside hints of black and white. Throngs of people walk slowly in the faded streets, wearing grim expressions and staring at a still point ahead. A leaden silence bears down on everything.
There he walks, lost in thought. And I, outside the scene, peer at him worriedly, sensing the arrival of a giant with a black coat, sullen face, and heavy footsteps. Suddenly, chaos reigns: people run in every direction, trying to escape.
I feel the earth shake under the footfalls of the man in the black coat. I know he appears on the streets from time to time, stepping powerfully with the aid of his ebony cane. His sightless eyes shift over the faces ahead, until they fall on one that will restore his vision. He points his finger at the face, and its owner vanishes from existence. The giant returns to his blindness, awaiting his next victim.
This time, however, there was only the anticipation of his coming, and the tremors that accompany him wherever he goes. Within minutes, those who were running realized they had been duped, and went back to walking as before.
I scanned the throngs and found him walking with the same slow steps. I looked closer, in search of that cunning-fox expression that characterizes him, but I could not see it. He adjusted the black scarf around his neck, raising his head to the sky like someone startled by raindrops on a dry day, then returned to his daydreaming.
He has been exploring the city since his arrival, wandering its streets without stopping. He wrote to me excitedly that it is a city of the world: ‘Every conceivable language is here. No nationalities, no differences. You don’t even need to speak to communicate your thoughts!’ In the year that followed, his letters became less frequent and said nothing about this city of his – the city that seemed somehow out of this world.
Some time later, he went back to writing about the city: long letters that contained nothing personal – no information about him, no questions about me. Just extensive passages about this city that bears no resemblance to the cities I know, written in ornate script with small, carefully-drawn characters and an exaggerated attention to style.
He wrote: they called it the city of eternal sun. Its sun set only after the last inhabitant slept, and rose before the first got up. They were all deprived of the night. They were not even aware of its existence.
There was no giant then, or faded streets, or people running. Just the perennial day and a fierce, barely-setting sun. The streets of the city resemble each other so closely they are like infinite replicas of the same street. Its Gothic architecture inspires awe: spired towers and prominent arches; stark, imposing squares; screaming gargoyles with eyes wide open in horror; and gardens – more akin to woods – pooling out along the city’s periphery.
These are the same woods from which the giant with the sightless eyes emerged – except, at the time, he was not blind, and his expression was suffused with seduction rather than sullenness. He moved about lightly then, speaking of a beautiful thing called night; he had read about it in the books piled high in his cabin in the woods and heard about it from the fishermen in the neighbouring lake.
They said they had seen it in other cities, while working on big fishing boats in faraway seas. He closes his seductive eyes and speaks of the night as though he can see it: ‘A great darkness that not even a thousand lanterns can dispel – only soften it slightly, imbuing it with even greater beauty.’ He moistens his lower lip with his tongue, savouring the idea of night.
He left the city of the sun in search of the night. He walked for hundreds of miles; days and weeks passed, then years. He asked all those he met, describing it in muddled words.
With the passage of time he began to lose hope – but he kept on his path defiantly, not once looking behind him. He walked for he knew not how long, picking fruit from trees and drinking spring water, until he found himself on the way back to his city.
He recognised it by its tall spires and crystal domes that reflect the sun’s rays, giving rise to a galaxy of brilliant suns. He could not tear his eyes away from their frightening luminescence, until he began to feel the light seeping away. The closer he came, the dimmer they became. At first, he did not understand what he was experiencing; he assumed that the lights of the world around him were slowly fading out. Only when he was submerged in total darkness did he realise that he had finally fulfilled his quest. He had met the night face to face. He was overjoyed, for now he would carry his own private night back to the city of the sun.
The remaining distance, short though it was, was the most difficult in his long journey. He stumbled and circled the city walls several times before he could get in. When he finally entered, the city people were astonished by the sight of this scowling giant with dark clothes and lumbering steps. They discovered that, with his return, their city had been transformed into another: a pallid place, caught between a day that had left never to return, and a night that refused to arrive.
In the next letter my friend appeared to have forgotten about his last one, repeating everything he had already said, with minor adjustments, before continuing the story. The giant with the snuffed-out eyes retreated to his cabin in the woods for a long time, during which he did not utter a single word, instead listening to the sighing of the trees, the twittering of the birds and the roar of the wind when it blew. When he tired of his solitude and his silence, he took to the streets with heavy footsteps that shook the ground beneath – leaning on his ebony cane, sheltering behind his blind and sullen stare and armed with his experience in listening to nothingness. His eyes shift over the faces ahead until they fall on one that has the power to restore his vision. He points his finger, and its owner vanishes from existence. The giant tries to gather in all the details of the new world around him before he is plunged into darkness once again – but to no avail. He returns, despondent, to his cabin and his waiting.
The city with its Gothic soul takes root in my mind. Its identical streets and imposing squares inhabit me. I dream about the gargoyles on its buildings’ facades, and awaken feeling like someone who has roamed its paths. I get up at dawn, weighed down by what I’ve seen. The giant moves in my mind, his expression transformed once again from sullenness to seduction, as though inviting me to follow him.
Iread and re-read my friend’s letters. I pore over the elegant script with its precisely-penned characters, and I think of how much he has changed. He no longer bears any resemblance to the person he once was. The city seems to have performed some mysterious black magic on him, driving him to write without emotion, without purpose, without stopping. I send him letters asking how he is, what he’s doing, whether or not he is planning to return. He does not utter a single word in response to my questions, but continues to write about the city that has cast its spell on him, transforming him into a mere eye that captures the details of its surroundings and a hand that records them tirelessly.
Instead of letters steeped in questions that he skips over as though they weren’t there, I began to write about my city. An invented city that lies between mountains clad in lush green plants and trees, and a relentlessly raging sea that films the air with the scent of iodine and whose waves, every morning, spit thick layers of salt upon the beach. Built entirely on the precipice that sweeps down from the mountains to the raging sea, the houses of the city appear to be in eternal freefall. Its people are caught in a never-ending battle with gravity: they walk slowly in ascent or descent, fearful of falling from this great height to the crashing waves below.
I composed a letter for every one I received from him, not commenting on what he’d written or asking about him, and he – as always – appeared to have not even read mine. Then I begin to write without pause, long letters preoccupied with details and penned with care. I dispatch some and neglect to send most, until I stop corresponding with him altogether, intent only on inking hundreds of letters that I stack high here and there throughout my house.
I write, ignoring my aching fingers and the pain in my hunched back, blurring the lines between my city and his, between the Gothic architecture with its squares and screaming faces and the perilous precipice with its houses resisting eternal freefall; between his giant with the black coat and blind eyes and the people I see when I open my window, walking cautiously up and down.
Ire-read my letters, strewn all around me; I contemplate my ornate script with its small, carefully-drawn characters and exaggerated attention to style, and I think of how much I’ve changed. I emerge from my house, surrounded by plants and thick tangled trees, and come, in shock, upon my city with its grey streets and stark squares and the leaden silence bearing down on everything. Closing my eyes, I succumb to the darkness, and the scene opens up silently before me. I see throngs of people moving slowly, staring at a still point ahead . . . I see him walking, lost in thought . . . and I hear, loud in my ears, the thud of heavy footsteps. Could it be coming from me? ?


The translation was first published by GRANTA Magazine

Monday, April 14, 2014

The current situation is untenable




Qantara/ 10-4-2014

For the renowned Egyptian journalist and writer Mansoura Ez-Eldin, the revolution of 2011 provided literary fodder for essays, short stories and now a new novel. Arian Fariborz spoke with her in Cairo.

Your novella "Gothic Night", recently published in English translation, reads like dark fiction in the Orwellian vein. Some readers see the story as an allegory of being unable to escape the clutches of a dictatorship and draw parallels to the political situation in Egypt on the eve of the revolution. Do you agree with this interpretation?

Mansoura Ez-Eldin: In this short story, there is not only one way of seeing things but multiple viewpoints and possible interpretations. In "Gothic Night", I wanted to show how people lose control of their destiny. The novella also reveals the break-off of communication between two people. The inspiration for this story came to me in a nightmare I had a few years ago in which I encountered a big black giant in a cloak running around the streets and pointing at people, who then disappeared. When I awoke with a start, I had the feeling that the dream reflected our lives, that we can simply vanish or die from one moment to the next. It revealed human vulnerability to me.
The story is about two cities. In one of them lives a giant who is blind and who takes away people's ability to see. The other city is on a mountain rising above a stormy sea, and the people there have to continually struggle not to fall into the water. It's all about the constant fight for survival and the omnipresence of death.
Of course, "Gothic Night" can be read as an allegory of dictatorship: I had in mind a society suffering under tyranny and gradually threatening to suffocate. I wrote the story two weeks before the revolution in Egypt, and at that time I indeed had the feeling of slowly suffocating. I had no hope left for the future of our country. My new novel, "Emerald Mountain", which came out in Arabic two months ago, takes up part of this novella, albeit in a different context.


In the early days of the 2011 revolution in Egypt, Mansoura Ez-Eldin was convinced that "we as individuals and as a people could take our destiny into our own hands and change our country and the world". Three years on, the author feels that the current situation is untenable "because all the problems and injustices that already existed before the revolution exist again today"

The Egyptian revolution and the overthrow of the Mubarak system wrested you away from your desk. You went to Tahrir Square in Cairo almost daily to demonstrate with millions of other Egyptians for freedom and democracy. What was your personal experience of the upheaval?

Ez-Eldin: Before the beginning of the revolution, I was in a state of despair. I no longer seriously believed that real change could happen in view of all the repression and the torture scandals such as the case of the activist Khaled Said in 2010. I had the feeling that we were living in a slaughterhouse and not in a state that respects the law and personal rights. But then there were finally some signs that things were changing.
Before 25 January 2011 I was not very politically active, as I generally had no interest in politics. I thought it was all a farce: there was no real opposition and Orwellian conditions prevailed. Everything was a sham, and even the politicians' declarations of their intent had absolutely no truth to them. The revolution therefore seemed like a miracle to me. On the evening of 25 January, I found myself in tears. When I then finally took part in the demonstrations, I suddenly felt very strong as an individual. I was convinced that we as individuals and as a people could take our destiny into our own hands and change our country and the world. I naturally got involved in the revolution mainly because of my daughter, who was eight years old at the time, because I wanted her to live in a better country than I had up until then.
The turning point for me was 28 January 2011, the "Day of Rage". Some friends and I had taken part in a demonstration against Mubarak that began in the Amr Ibn al-Aas mosque. It was a peaceful protest, but the police responded from the very first minute with all-out brutality and violence. Tear gas and rubber bullets were fired at the protesters. It was a very violent day, and I noticed how that affected me very profoundly and enraged me. I felt an almost personal enmity against the regime and this oppression rise up in me.

Was the January revolution the initial spark for a new literary boom in Egypt, or had the trend already begun at the end of the "leaden days" of the Mubarak era?

Ez-Eldin: The literature boom already started under Mubarak, manifesting itself mainly in blogs by young writers, who regularly published posts. The revolution was the legacy of this multifaceted development in the media and on the literary scene. Many of the bloggers later became politically active. There was of course the same rigid censorship and media control back then that there is now, although censorship has social as well as political roots.


Graffiti depicting representatives of the nationalist Urabi movement in Egypt. According to Mansoura Ez-Eldin, literature in Egypt began changing before the 2011 revolution: "Many writers had long since left the old idols and traditional values behind them and gotten over their grief at the demise of the old nationalism. A new generation of writers and bloggers came of age who saw themselves as 'children of the world'," says Mansoura Ez-Eldin

Despite the censorship, however, the younger generation of writers in particular demonstrated a great deal of courage, breaking many taboos. Publishers such as Mohamad Hashem were very committed in this respect and deliberately encouraged these developments. This then served to inspire further writers.
But the new Egyptian literature had already been undergoing a transformation prior to the revolution. Many writers had long since left the old idols and traditional values behind them and gotten over their grief at the demise of the old nationalism. A new generation of writers and bloggers came of age who saw themselves as "children of the world". And they were the ones who from the outset determined and shaped the rhetoric of the revolution. After the revolution as well, though, new media such as Facebook ushered in a major turning point. Today, there are authors who write completely differently to the generation before the revolution. These are young people who have experienced a great deal in two years. They have been through a social and political earthquake and have freed themselves from many constraints that were formerly taken to be God-given.

The spring of blossoming freedom for Egypt's literary and media talents proved to be short-lived. Today, the familiar old red lines are in place again for independent authors and journalists who are critical of the regime. How did this happen?

Ez-Eldin: When Mohamed Morsi took office, I had the feeling for the first time that freedoms were being restricted. He initially had no control over the media. In December 2012, however, there were many protests, deaths and cases of torture. Media freedom was then gradually restricted step by step after the end of Morsi's rule on 30 June 2013. Since then,there has only been a single voice in the media landscape, and the other mass media are left merely to sing along in harmony. Other shades of meaning are not tolerated.

You once said that the revolution is an ongoing process, so that setbacks for democratic development in Egypt are understandable. Do you think the liberal and secular forces in the country will be able to change course again and steer the country in the direction of democracy?

Ez-Eldin: Today, when I look back at what I wrote in my articles in 2011, my former optimism is almost embarrassing to me. I think that the current situation is untenable – because all the problems and injustices that already existed before the revolution exist again today. I'm afraid that the next wave of the revolution will be more violent, more than we can bear – a confrontation that sweeps away and extinguishes everything in its path. It is like a fight between a player and a madman, where no one knows who the enemy is.

Interview conducted by Arian Fariborz

© Qantara.de 2014

Translated from the German by Jennifer Taylor

Editor: Aingeal Flanagan/Qantara.de

Mansoura Ez-Eldin, born in 1976 in Egypt's Nile Delta, studied journalism at the University of Cairo and worked at "Akhbar al-Adab", one of the foremost literary magazines in Egypt, until August 2011. Her novels have been translated into several languages. In 2010, she was named one of the best Arabic-speaking authors under 40. That same year, she was the only woman nominated for the International Prize for Arabic Fiction. She published her first collection of short stories, "Flickering Light", in 2001. This was followed by three novels, "Maryam's Maze" (2004), "Beyond Paradise" (2009) and "Emerald Mountain" (2014).